Walk Tour

Walk Tour Walk Tour Home›Descriptive Posts›Walk Tour Descriptive PostsPark Avenue was formerly known as Fourth Avenue. Being a wide boulevard, it carries traffic in New York municipality of Manhattan. Most of its length matches with Madison Avenue to the east and Lexington Avenue to the west. At the middle of the Avenue are flowers and greenery that are maintained by the Fund for Park Avenue, The road that leads to Park Avenue has its origin from the Bowery (White Willensky, 2000).The Avenue is known by its original name, Fourth Avenue, from Cooper square, which is in 8th Street to Union Square at 14th Street. It turns north east above 14th Street to align itself with other avenues according to the Commissioners’ Plan of 1811. As the road proceeds from 14th to 17th Street, an eastern boundary of Union Square known as Union Square East is formed and merges with Broadways by its southbound lanes. From 17thto 32nd Street, the road is known as Park Avenue South while the remainder of it is the Park Avenue.A move northward along the Park Avenue especially on Sundays reveals so much about it. As one moves towards the north of this Park, they are bound to pass through Lexington Avenue to the east. To the east of Lexington Avenue is the 3rd Avenue, which runs parallel with a number of streets, among them 85th to 105th Streets. This paper focuses on the distance between these two streets which a mile apart by exploring its population, environment, wealth and apartments.The 85th Street is a Westbound Street that runs from East End Avenue to the Riverside Drive. It provides access to the 85th/86th Street Transverse. This Transverse runs through Central Park from east to west. On a normal Sunday sunny afternoon, there is no much activity going on in this street. Except for the usual shops, there are no high-rise apartments safe for The Jeffersons apartment in the Third Avenue. There is also the Congregation Kehilath Jeshurun, a very old synagogue built in 1872. There is also a school, Ramaz School that shares the same apartment with the synagogue. The West of this street has the Mannes Music College.The 86th Street is almost a contrast to the preceding one. Here, there are two landmark churches, the Tuscan Renaissance Saint Paul and Andrew United Methodist Church located at the corner of West End Avenue. There is also the Romanesque Revival West-Park Presbyterian Church situated at the corner of Amsterdam Avenue. It follows suit that with such a number of churches, this street will be almost impassable during a Sunday afternoon courtesy of congregates from their respective churches. M86 buses serve a majority of this street. Other means of transport include the New York Subway line 1 2 trains at Broadway, A B C trains at Central Park and 4 5 6 trains at Lexington Avenue.As one moves further to the north of the Park Avenue, there is the also the 87th Street which runs from the east side of Manhattan to the west end at Neu Gallerie. A prominent feature o f this street is the Belnord New York Hotel at the intersection of it and Amsterdam Avenue. The apartments in this street are quite expensive given that it is habited by affluent citizens. This explains why there are a number of conspicuous ‘For Sale’ signs in some of the houses as one goes through the street. There are also rent advertisements with the figures exhibiting the characteristics of a rich neighborhood. This street is very clean with the corner no litter around or garbage that is rotten by a kerb. The corner litter is also testifies this. The means of transport are cabs given that a good number of its residents have their own means of transport.As the walk proceeds further north, one meets the 86th Street. This Street runs from the Carl Schurz Park in the East River Drive to the Guggenheim Museum at the 5th Avenue.  Just like the preceding street, this is an affluent neighborhood with very expensive apartments as evident from ‘for sale’ and rental signs. Being a Sunday afternoon, one cannot miss the congregation from the Holy Trinity Church with children clinging to their parents, a sign that most probably they have spent the whole week with nannies and are now missing them. The condition of the roads is not too bad but it is not as that of the 87th Street which was a quite good. Once again, the street is not served by any means public transport and relies on cabs or personal means of communication.The 89th Street is the next stop after the 88th one. As is the case with the preceding ones, it proceeds from the east side at the East River Drive towards the 5th Avenue to the west (Google Maps, 2011). This street has several public buildings key among them being schools. These are the Dalton School, the Dwight School and the Abraham Joshua Heschel School. It runs through three neighborhoods namely Yorkville, Upper West Side and CarnegieSandwiched between Park Avenue and Madison Avenue is the magnificent Roman Catholic Church of St. Thomas Mor e. Again, congregates are slowly flowing from church on this summer Sunday. Most of them are obviously driving home given the affluence of the residents in the surrounding neighborhoods to this Street. Such include spectacular apartments of Queen Anne Style that are a common feature along this street and especially in the blocks between the Lexington Avenue and the Third Avenue.A move further move east of the Manhattan  region of New York up and one lands on the 90th Street . This is only a continuation of the 89th Street in terms of apartments, the population. The affluence of its inhabitants is quite obvious given that it is habited by young professional who are not ready for the hustle and bustle of the interior New York City. Nannies pushing trolls after an afternoon shopping can be seen leaving the shopping centers. The street is lined with green beautiful trees and the environment is clean since there are no unpleasant smells from a neglected litterbin or garbage disposed in undesignated places.A few yards northward of the 90th Street is the 91st Street. This street runs from the York Avenue to the East towards the 5th Avenue in the west of Park Avenue where it ends opposite Cooper Hewitt-National Design Museum (Google Maps). It has nothing out of the ordinary in comparison to the preceding streets in this borough. The buildings are the same magnificent apartments owned or rented by the young professionals who inhabit these neighborhoods. A few of them are on sale and the prices are a true testimony that this is not a Tom and Jerry neighborhood.The walk would be incomplete without passing through the 92nd Street, which starts from the York Avenue and runs all the way to the 5th Avenue. This street is home to a variety of key destinations while in Manhattan.   At its beginning at the east most part is the American Society Center for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (A.S.P.C.A). At its end in the western part of Park Avenue is the Nightingale Bamford School for women. Sandwiched between this street and the preceding one are the New York Sports Clubs (Google Maps).As a matter of fact, the 92nd Street Y is located in this street. This is a multi-cultural institution and community center. The full name of this multi-faceted society is the 92nd Street Young Men’s and Women’s Hebrew Association. It was founded in 1874 by professionals and businesspersons from German and Jewish countries. Though it is grounded on Jewish principles, this organization serves close to 300,000 people of all races and faiths per year. Its main programs include lectures and panel discussions, humanities classes, dance performances, camps, singles programs, Jewish culture and education among many others.As the walk ends to the 105th Street, a number of features are notable. In the 94th Street, for instance is the Wanderers Inn, a recent hotel in New York that is between Lexington Avenue and Third Avenue. Anther conspicuous and controversial feature of th is upper east of Manhattan is the Islamic Culture Center of New York between the 96th and 97th Street. There is also the Monetary Public Garden between these two Streets. The preceding streets have not been served by any means of public transport but in between the 94th and 95 street is a subway terminal for the 4 6 6 trains. These trains also have another terminal in between the 104th and 105th Streets. In the 105th Street, there is the Bally Total Fitness center near Goliath RF (Google Maps).One Striking characteristic of the neighborhoods encompassed by theses streets is the language spoken by the residents. It has no explicit slang commonly featured in ghetto inhabitants but has a relative form of formality. As the above descriptions profoundly reveal, the upper eastern part of Manhattan is an area almost tailor-made for the young professionals as the neighborhoods are serene, the environment is well conserved with ever-green trees lining most of the streets. The inhabitants of these neighborhoods are therefore single or middle-aged Yorkers who have one or two kids as revealed from the nannies who occasionally push them around in trolls as seen from this walk. This part of New York can thus be recommended for those growing families who need to break away from the noisy and industrial city center and above all- who can avoid the life here.

The Argument For The Existence Of God - 1674 Words

I do not find the three arguments I analyzed satisfactory for the existence of God. The existence of God simply cannot be proven. Regardless of how strong a person’s faith is, or how many miracles they claim to have witnessed, God can only ever be a possibility. First, I will discuss why Pascal’s wager is not a satisfying argument for the existence of God. I will then examine C.D. Broad’s â€Å"Argument for the Existence of God†, and why it is also not a satisfying argument for the existence of God. Finally, I will discuss St. Thomas Aquinas’ first cause argument, which is a more reasonable argument for the existence of God. Pascal’s wager is not as much of an argument as to why God exists; rather, it is a rationalization of why it is beneficial for people to believe in God. He gives four main options for his wager: God exists. God does not exist. I believe in God. I do not believe in God. If God exists, and you believe in God, you will go to Heaven. If God exists, and you do not believe, you will go to Hell. If God does not exist and you believe in God, you will live a happy life, because you have faith in something greater than yourself (it provides an explanation for inexplicable events). If God does not exist and you do not believe in God, nothing will happen. According to this argument, regardless of whether or not God exists, you will lead a better life believing in Him. If you do not believe in God (atheism), you will either gain nothing, because He does notShow MoreRelatedThe Argument On The Existence Of God1629 Words   |  7 PagesThe idea of God has been a part of man’s history for centuries. Since time began there has been various combination of believers, and non-believers. Individuals who believes in God, belong to many different religion. Whereas, skeptics find the existence of God somewhat baffling, and have continually sought answers to His existence through scientific methods. As the world progresses in scientific, and technological advancement, the human race still faces the question of God’s existence. Many philosophersRead MoreThe Arguments For The Existence Of God1056 Words   |  5 Pages16 November 2015 Rough Draft for The arguments for the Existence of God. The question Does God Exist? is a well-known asked question in the world. Most people believe they know the answer to it. The religious people would say, well of course he does, while the non-religious people or atheist would say no He does not exist. Because evil exist and chaos exists, God cannot be all-powerful. In the modern world, there are many different opinions as to whether a God exists or not. This has been an issueRead MoreArguments For The Existence Of God974 Words   |  4 PagesArguments for the existence of God through critical thinking and rationalization are called ontological, cosmological, teleological, or pragmeatic arguments. The most widely known of such arguments is that of St. Anselm from Proslogium of St. Anselm, which states that God is considered a perfect being unlike humans or any other world subject. The fact that he is perfect in a world of imperfection proves his existence. God is also the highest conceivable idea of perfection, and thereforeRead MoreThe Existence Of God : An Argument881 Words   |  4 PagesThe Existence of God The philosophical arguments presented in this document are not of religious text, nor scientific observation or established fact. Rather the premise of this God proof is bring together and share the various theories on which other God proofs have established foundations. I have heard it quoted that â€Å"Philosophy goes where hard science can t, or won t. Philosophers have a license to.† Therefore, with this in mind, I attest that it is more than problematic to construct anRead MoreArguments on the Existence of God602 Words   |  2 PagesGod’s existence may actually depend upon our belief in his existence but it is more plausible to believe that God exists using the different types of arguments such as the cosmological argument and ontological argument, Leibniz and the Principle of Sufficient Reason and the Problem of Evil, and the definition of basic belief as evidence. The Cosmological argument can be simplified into three reasons that everything that begins to exist has a cause; the universe began to exist, therefore the universeRead MoreArguments For The Existence Of God1137 Words   |  5 PagesArguments for the existence of God come in many different forms; some draw on history, some on science, some on personal experience, and some on philosophy. Descartes offered two arguments towards the existence of God: an informal proof in the third meditation and the ontological proof in the fifth meditation. Descartes believed that with the employment of a rational method of inquiry which applied some of the methods of analytic geometry to the study of philosophy, our ability to attain certaintyRead MoreThe Argument Of The Existence Of God1480 Words   |  6 PagesThe arguments trying to â€Å"prove† the existence of God are by far some of the most controversial philosophical arguments out there. When some of the people who created these philo sophies it was illegal or even punishable by death to even question his existence, let alone try to come up with a logical explanation to â€Å"prove† he is real. The two main arguments used today are the ontological argument and the cosmological argument. Neither one of these arguments are correct nor incorrect; moreover, theRead MoreThe Arguments For The Existence Of God940 Words   |  4 Pagesp. 209, question# 1 Among the numerous arguments for the existence of God, the argument of design stands as the most persuasive in terms of providing a logical basis for the absolute presence of God. This argument is concerned with the intricate nature of creation and existence: one must believe that there is a Supreme Being that designed the characteristics and features of every existing thing in the entire universe, both living and non-living. The precise and complicated design of the universeRead MoreThe Argument For The Existence Of God1411 Words   |  6 PagesMy paper scrutinizes numerous logical disputes for and alongside the presence of God. I shall argue that there’s no adequate evidence or inclusive arguments for the existence of God. It is grounded on the views of certain great philosophers and scientists of all of mankind. Generally speaking for myself, I would correspond to have faith that there is â€Å"God†. Regrettably, it’s awfully well-defined that the being built up on insightful faith is no longer a suitable custom to shadow. During the courseRead MoreThe Cosmological Argument For The Existence Of God Essay1556 Words   |  7 Pagesconcerning the existence of God. If God exists, we probably have to make him accountable. The universe would probably have a meaning and a purpose. Also, our very existence may not be cease after physical death. But if God does not exist, we are probably here by chance and we have no accountability to any transcendent. This life is probably all we have, so we should live as we please. The question arises - Does God exist? At first glance, it seems contradictory to prove the existence of something

The Natural Disaster Of California - 1641 Words

Most societal problems can be easy to identify such as a rise in crime or the effects of a natural disaster such as an earthquake. There is a natural disaster that is currently facing the state of California in particular which is much harder to overcome – the drought. According to state government officials, California is experiencing one of the driest decades in recorded history and the drought is so severe that the governor, Jerry Brown, declared a state of emergency in 2014 because of it. Since the state of emergency, governor issued the first regulatory policy through Executive Order B-29-15 on April 1st 2015 to fight the drought. A drought is unique in that it is very hard to determine when the problem actually started and when it is expected to end since periods of wet weather are almost impossible to know for sure. Therefore, policy to fight the drought can be very tricky seeing that officials really don’t know when the problem will end and therefore, how much t o spend in time and resources to combat it now. This isn’t the first drought California experiences and therefore there are certainly lessons that can be learned from the past and from other countries that have experienced severe droughts (Saharan Africa and Australia). However, in terms of assessing drought policy, this paper will strictly focus on analyzing the development, implementation, and outcomes of Executive Order B-29-15 following the assumption of Leslie Pal (2014, p. 97) who states that â€Å"the coreShow MoreRelatedReducing the Impact of Natural Disasters868 Words   |  4 PagesNatural Disasters are unfortunate events that can occur at any moment, anywhere in the world and have a huge effect on the landscape and the society being hit. Natural Disasters can occur due to the many natural causes such as earthquakes, hurricanes, tsunamis, floods, cyclones, landslides or due to some man-made causes such as forest fires or the use of nuclear weapons. Civil Engineeri ng structures such as buildings, bridges, roads, dams, reservoirs, levees and other structures are severely damagedRead MoreThe Legacy Of The Golden State1633 Words   |  7 Pages originality and beauty. Boosters of the region sold California as a romantic destination that rivaled scenarios from the country it tried to emulate, Spain. This imagination brought forth growth, both economically and socially, to cities like Los Angeles but with danger and controversy in their way. In the process of building a defining image for California, these boosters embraced but erased the people and cultures that existed in California before the arrival of the Anglos. They essentially tookRead MoreMedia In Media767 Words   |  4 Pagessame goal. And that is to distribute information with a bias. This goes for media representation in natural disasters as well. Often times, there are many aspects that are at play during a disaster, that are overlooked. It is up to the consumer to research what c auses or consequences the specific source is hiding or highlighting about a topic, especially a disaster. The article â€Å"Cleanup From California Fires poses Environmental and Health Risks† by Kirk Johnson does just that. Without looking at theRead MoreHealth Care Administrator Of A Hospital909 Words   |  4 PagesDisasters as we know it comes on suddenly without warning, it can happen anywhere, anytime or at any hour. In order to regain control of an event is to be prepared at all times. Often, danger occurs, leaving many lives unprepared for catastrophes or misfortunes. As a Health Care Administrator of a hospital it is important to be prepared at all times, not only is it a duty, but it is the job of the Administrator to ensure the safety of its patients at all times. Therefore, it is the Administrator’sRead MoreEssay On Northern Califolivilles800 Words   |  4 PagesSummary Recently Northern California had deadly wildfires that caused homes to be destroyed. The rebuild could take years and there will be many difficulties along the way. There is a shortage of skilled labors who can help rebuild the homes and the materials needed to rebuild could rise. There is also concern that a shortage of supplies may occur. Northern California has very strict environmental and building regulations, but the governor has lessened these regulations in order to make the rebuildRead MoreNo Fracking in California820 Words   |  3 Pages No Fracking In California How does California get its natural gas? Well California gets its natural gas by a process known as fracking. Fracking is the process of extracting natural gas from shale rock layers deep within Earth’s ground. Fracking is also known as hydraulic fracturing which releases high pressured liquid into the ground to withdraw oil or gas. Fracking makes it possible for the Earth’s commercial, residential, and industrial uses to help people live a better life. For Example,Read MoreClimate Change And Global Warming Essay1659 Words   |  7 PagesClimate Change: A New Subject in School? Carmela Roque US Government period 3 Mr. Wootten Mercy High School Burlingame September 29, 2016 The Earth has always been undergoing climate change. Extreme weather, natural disasters, and global warming are a few examples of current climate changes. To help prevent this, the Climate Change Education act was introduced by Ed Markey, a democrat from Massachusetts. The main goal of this act was to educate the citizens aboutRead MoreModule 1 SLP: Three Types of Disasters or Emergencies672 Words   |  3 PagesThree Types of Disasters or Emergencies Emergencies and disasters can happen anywhere in the world at any time. One way to minimize casualties and ensures a quick recovery by a community is to have a proper Emergency Preparedness Plan in place for each particular local area. This report will discuss an Emergency Preparedness Plan for San Diego, California. The three most anticipated disasters that happen in this area are earthquakes, fires, and mudslides. All of these disasters have impacted SanRead MoreThe Santiago Park Neighborhood Community And City Officials Incase Incident Of Attack And Or Natural Disaster1229 Words   |  5 Pagesassessment report is to bring awareness to the residents of the Santiago Park Neighborhood Community and City Officials incase incident of attack and or natural disaster. This risk assessment is focusing on the possible intendent on the neighborhood and or the neighborhoods road network. This report will show how if an attack and or natural disaster does occur where key failure to the comm unity might occur and might cause problematic incidents for first responders to help or have access to the communityRead MoreThe Negative Effects Of Local Farms738 Words   |  3 Pagesproduce from local farms are known as locavores. Buying produce locally may have a positive impact on the local community; however, it could have a negative toll on the overall factors such as the economy, natural resource endowments, and transportation, potentially leading to a global disaster. Local farms may have a positive impact within the local community; however this needs to be viewed through an overall perspective. It may be beneficial for a community, however it could potentially cause

Radical Free Essays

INTRODUCTION Jawaharlal Nehru was born on 14 November 1889. He died on 27 May 1964. He was an Indian statesman who was the first (and to date the longest-serving) prime minister of India, from 1947 until 1964. We will write a custom essay sample on Radical or any similar topic only for you Order Now One of the leading figures in the Indian independence movement, Nehru was elected by the Congress Party to assume office as independent India’s first Prime Minister, and re-elected when the Congress Party won India’s first general election in 1952. As one of the founders of the Non-aligned Movement, he was also an important figure in the international politics of the post-war era. He is frequently referred to as Pandit Nehru (â€Å"pandit† being a Sanskrit and Hindi honorific meaning â€Å"scholar† or â€Å"teacher†) and, specifically in India, as Panditji (with â€Å"-ji† being a honorific suffix). The son of a wealthy Indian barrister and politician, Motilal Nehru, Nehru became a leader of the left wing of the Indian National Congress when still fairly young. Rising to become Congress President, under the mentorship of Mahatma Gandhi, Nehru was a charismatic and radical leader, advocating complete independence from the British Empire. In the long struggle for Indian independence, in which he was a key player, Nehru was eventually recognized as Gandhi’s political heir. Throughout his life, Nehru was also an advocate for Fabian socialism and the public sector as the means by which long-standing challenges of economic development could be addressed by poorer nations. PERSONAL LIFE AND EDUCATION Jawaharlal Nehru was born to Motilal Nehru (1861–1931) and Swaroop Rani (1863–1954) in a Kashmiri Pandit family. Nehru was educated in India and Britain. In England, he attended the independent boy’s school, Harrow and Trinity College, Cambridge. During his time in Britain, Nehru was also known as Joe Nehru. On 8 February, 1916, Nehru married seventeen year old Kamala Kaul. In the first year of the marriage, Kamala gave birth to their only child, Indira Priyadarshini. Life and career Nehru raised the flag of independent India in New Delhi on 15 August 1947, the day India gained Independence. Nehru’s appreciation of the virtues of parliamentary democracy, secularism and liberalism, coupled with his concerns for the poor and underprivileged, are recognized to have guided him in formulating socialist policies that influence India to this day. They also reflect the socialist origins of his worldview. He is sometimes referred to as the â€Å"Architect of Modern India†. His daughter, Indira Gandhi, and grandson, Rajiv Gandhi, also served as Prime Ministers of India. Successor to gandhi On 15 January 1941 Gandhiji said, â€Å"Some say Pandit Nehru and I were estranged. It will require much more than difference of opinion to estrange us. We had differences from the time we became co-workers and yet I have said for some years and say so now that not Rajaji but Jawaharlal will be my successor. † Finalyears Nehru had led the Congress to a major victory in the 1957 elections, but his government was facing rising problems and criticism. Disillusioned by intra-party corruption and bickering, Nehru contemplated resigning but continued to serve. The election of his daughter Indira as Congress President in 1959 aroused criticism for alleged nepotism, although actually Nehru had disapproved of her election, partly because he considered it smacked of â€Å"dynasties†; he said, indeed it was â€Å"wholly undemocratic and an undesirable thing†, and refused her a position in his cabinet. Indira herself was at loggerheads with her father over policy; most notably, she used his oft-stated personal deference to the Congress Working Committee to push through the dismissal of the Communist Party of India government in the state of Kerala, over his own objections. Nehru began to be frequently embarrassed by her ruthlessness and disregard for parliamentary tradition, and was â€Å"hurt† by what he saw as an assertiveness with no purpose other than to stake out an identity independent of her father. Although the Pancha Sila (Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence) was the basis of the 1954 Sino-Indian treaty over Tibet, in later years, Nehru’s foreign policy suffered through increasing Chinese antagonism over border disputes and Nehru’s decision to grant asylum to the Dalai Lama. After years of failed negotiations, Nehru authorized the Indian Army to annex Goa from Portugal in 1961. While increasing his popularity, Nehru received criticism for opting for military action. In the 1962 elections, Nehru led the Congress to victory yet with a diminished majority. Opposition parties ranging from the right-wing Bharatiya Jana Sangh and Swatantra Party, socialists and the Communist Party of India performed well. In a matter of months, the border disputes with China turned into open conflict. Nehru assumed that as former victims of imperialism (India being a colony itself) they shared a sense of solidarity, as expressed in the phrase â€Å"Hindi-Chini bhai bhai† (Indians and Chinese are brothers). He was dedicated to the ideals of brotherhood and solidarity among developing nations. Nehru, credulously, did not believe that one fellow Socialist country would attack another; and in any event, he felt secure behind the impregnable wall of ice that is the Himalayas. Both proved to be severe miscalculations of China’s intentions and military capabilities. Following reports of his intention to confront Chinese occupation of the disputed areas – summarised in a memorable statement that he had asked the Army to â€Å"throw them (Chinese) out† – China launched a pre-emptive attack. In a matter of days, a Chinese invasion of northeastern India exposed the weaknesses of India’s military as Chinese forces came as far as Assam. Widely criticized for his government’s insufficient attention to defence, Nehru was forced to sack the defence minister Krishna Menon and seek U. S. military aid. Nehru’s health began declining steadily, and he was forced to spend months recuperating in Kashmir through 1963. Some historians attribute this dramatic decline to his surprise and chagrin over the invasion of India by the Chinese, which he perceived as a betrayal of trust. Upon his return from Kashmir in May 1964, Nehru suffered a stroke and later a heart attack. He died in the early hours of 27 May 1964. Nehru was cremated in accordance with Hindu rites at the Shantivana on the banks of the Yamuna River, witnessed by hundreds of thousands of mourners who had flocked into the streets of Delhi and the cremation grounds. LEGACY As India’s first Prime minister and external affairs minister, Jawaharlal Nehru played a major role in shaping modern India’s government and political culture along with sound foreign policy. He is praised for creating a system providing universal primary education, reaching children in the farthest corners of rural India. Nehru’s education policy is also credited for the development of world-class educational institutions such as the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Indian Institutes of Technology, and the Indian Institutes of Management. In addition, Nehru’s stance as an unfailing nationalist led him to also implement policies which stressed commonality among Indians while still appreciating regional diversities. This proved particularly important as post-Independence differences surfaced since British withdrawal from the subcontinent prompted regional leaders to no longer relate to one another as allies against a common adversary. While differences of culture and, especially, language threatened the unity of the new nation, Nehru established programs such as the National Book Trust and the National Literary Academy which promoted the translation of regional literatures between languages and also organized the transfer of materials between regions. In pursuit of a single, unified India, Nehru warned, â€Å"Integrate or How to cite Radical, Essay examples

The Environmental Change and the Collapse of Easter Island Essay Example

The Environmental Change and the Collapse of Easter Island Paper After that we will talk about the underlying process where we will discuss the actions of the assumptions of he actors goals, the theory Of the action implied and the initial conditions. We will finish with a conclusion. In his first chapter proposed the author, Jarred Diamond, five contributing factors for understanding environmental collapses. These five factors are damage, climate change, hostile neighbors, friendly trade partners and the societies respond to its environmental problems. We can use these factors to explain the collapse of the Easter Island. Firstly, there was much damage done to the environment by the inhabitants. Jarred Diamond states that the extent and reversibility of the damage depends on properties of both the people and the environment. In Easter Island, the inhabitants mainly cut trees for burning firewood, cleaning gardens, to cremate bodies and making seaworthy canoes. This led to an extreme example of deforestation. But, not only did the inhabitants destroy many trees, they also had the bad luck to be living on one of the islands with the highest risk for deforestation. In the book, nine environmental causes for deforestation are mentioned, and the Easter Islands had to deal with all of these 9 factors. The variations in rainfall and latitude, the fact that it is a dry island and that it is a cooler island farther room the equator contributed mostly to the deforestation. Another contributing factor was the overheating of birds. After a while there were no birds left and the Easter Islanders had to turn to other things to eat. The second reasons Jarred Diamond mentions is climate change. With climate change he does not mean global warming, but the fact that climate may vary between months or years. We will write a custom essay sample on The Environmental Change and the Collapse of Easter Island specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Environmental Change and the Collapse of Easter Island specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Environmental Change and the Collapse of Easter Island specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The problem is that in the time of the Easter Island most people only lived long enough to witness one climate, and not for example a time of plenty and a time of little rain. The inhabitants of he island therefore had no firsthand memory of a previous period of little or plenty rain. Therefore, every time they had to come up with a new strategy because they did not know an Old strategy. Another problem with good and bad decades is that after a good period there is too much population to be supported, and after a bad time there are not enough people to deal with a climate change. There is not much known about the climate changes at Easter Island. But, we do know that the population changed a few times because of kidnapping and different epidemics. This means that although there may eave not been a lot of climate change, there was a constant change in the number of people living on the island who may have not known how to deal with different circumstances. The third and fourth factor Diamond mentions are hostile neighbors and trade partners. But, because Easter Island was an island almost completely isolated from the rest of the world , these factors cannot have played an important role in the collapse of the island. Although in the book is mentioned that the Easter Islanders sometimes had visitors, these visits were not regularly enough to be considered as a big influence. The last, and probably most important, factor is how society deals with the environment. As discussed above in the damage section, the inhabitants cut down many trees for several reasons and they destroyed different animal populations. But the political, social and religious factors behind the impacts are also of importance. The Easter Island Was divided into a dozen of territories were chiefs and there commoners lived. Every territory had their task, based on their valuable resource. Between the territories was a constant competition of building the most impressive platforms and statues. Building hose statues took them not only much effort, but it also required trees for wood, rope and timber. This contributed to the deforestation of the Easter Island. Unusual was, that although the territories competed with each other, they were integrated religiously and also economically and politically. The chiefs and priests on the island had promised to deliver beautiful harvest. Once the environmental situation on the island got worse and all the food was gone, the inhabitants of the island turned to the only food left: humans. But, not only the political system was destroyed, along with the chiefs power he religion got discarded. Based on the text above we formulated the following research question: How did the environmental changes cause the collapsing of Easter Island? To begin with, we will discuss the actions of the actors on micro level and the outcomes on the macro level. The people on Easter Island needed wood for heating, cremating bodies, gardening and for building and transporting the famous Easter statues. Therefore they used the resources on the island. But, because the island had to deal with lots of bad biological conditions, there was no reproducing of trees and animals. The deforestation led to biological changes, which caused the crop yields being decreased. When the forest on the island slowly disappeared, so did the sources of wild food. The most animal species on the island, in the air, and in the water surrounding it, became completely extinct due to a combination of overheating, deforestation, and predation by rats. After this environmental change, the inhabitants did not have enough resources left and because of the bad conditions they looked for alternatives like cannibalism. The cannibalism in combination with the lack of wood and food caused the decreasing of the population and the collapse of Easter Island. Coming back to our research question, we can state that the environmental change at Easter Island was mainly due to the behavior of the actors and not immediately caused by the initial conditions. The initial condition was the prosper of the island. There were enough resources for everyone, which allowed the statues to be made. People of the island were used to a high standard of life which meant they used a lot of resources and reproduced themselves, which allowed the population to grow. However, the people did tot consider the fact that the island was not able to reproduce enough resources.

Analysing The Islamic View About Homosexual Religion Essays

Analysing The Islamic View About Homosexual Religion Essays Analysing The Islamic View About Homosexual Religion Paper Analysing The Islamic View About Homosexual Religion Paper Homosexuality is non allowed in Islam. These are poetries in the Holly Book, Quran, where Allah clearly said about Homosexuality: We besides ( sent ) Lut: he said to his people: Do ye perpetrate obscenity such as no people in creative activity ( of all time ) committed before you? For ye pattern your lecherousnesss on work forces in penchant to adult females: ye are so a people offending beyond bounds. Holy Quran 7:80-81 Of all the animals in the universe will ye attack males . And leave those whom Allah has created for you to be your couples? Nay ye are a people offending ( all bounds ) ! Holy Quran 26:165-166 Explaination: This verses refer to the activities at Sodom and Gamorah. It seems to connote that there was no homosexual behaviour before it foremost appeared in Sodom. The transition besides links the wickedness of Sodom ( the cause of Sodom s devastation ) to homosexualism. The Quran prohibits any sexual relationship except in a matrimony between male and female. It is advised to take Homosexual as a trial of life and stamp down the feeling to follow God s jurisprudence in Islam. Some Islamic motion say that verses in Quran is can non be to the full acceptable for this modern society and besides claim that Quran speak about homosexual lecherousness but non homosexual love. These motion such as Al-Fatiha foundation and others accpet and condiser homosexual as natural. Note that, each Islamic state have their ain jurisprudence against Homosexual, nevertheless, some Islamic state do nt hold any jurisprudence against homosexual. State like Malaysia has it ain jurisprudence against Homosexual and the punishment for homosexual individual would be all right or 2 old ages imprisonate or both. Harmonizing to The Islam Society of North America, Dr. Muzammil Siddiqi, said: Homosexuality is a moral upset, a wickedness and corruptionaˆÂ ¦ No individual is born homosexual, merely like no 1 is born a stealer, a prevaricator or liquidator. Peoples get these evil wonts due to a deficiency of proper guideance and instruction. He besides said: There are many grounds why it is forbidden in Islam. Homosexuality is unsafe for the wellness of the persons and for the society. It is a chief cause of one of the most harmful and fatal diseases. It is scandalous for both work forces and adult females. It degrades a individual. Islam teaches that work forces should be work forces and adult females should be adult females. Homosexuality deprives a adult male of his manhood and a adult female of her muliebrity. It is the most un-natural manner of life. Homosexuality leads to the devastation of household life. In short, he really seeking to turn out that homosexualism is incorrect in Is lam and besides non healthy. All Islamic schools of idea and law consider homosexual acts to be improper but they differ in footings of punishment: School Location Punishment Hanfite South A ; Eastern Asia No physical penalty Hanbalites Arab universe Severe penalty Shafi Arab universe Minimum of four grownup male needed for informant before one is found guilty of homosexualism Decision, in Islam, it is clear that homosexual is incorrect and can non be accepted and pratise by Muslim and there is penalty of Muslim who practise. The punnishment besides differ in schools and Muslim who belong to a specific school will undergo the punishment that is warranted br that peculiar school. Christian position about Homosexual As Bible is the Holy Book for Christians, the Bible had talk about homosexualism in some poetries. Below is the illustration of some the poetries: Genesis 19:1-13 In this poetries, a narrative is mentioned here which is believed to hold a close relation with homosexual. The narrative is chiefly approximately two angels came to the metropoliss of Gomorah and Sodom. This metropoliss is full of sexual activities including homosexual activities and the people here is dominated by lecherousness. The people of this metropoliss come to cognize about the two angels is remaining in Lot s house and they want to hold sexual intercourse with them ( New Jerusalem Bible ) . After some arguements between Lot and the people, the two angel said to Lot that the ground the came to the metropoliss and it was to destruct the metropoliss which is ordered by Lord Leviticus 18:22-30 A ; Leviticus 20:13 The Book of Leviticus contains ordinances for workship and chiefly speak about the manner to Christian should populate and workship God. In these poetries, Book of Leviticus references about homosexual. There are other verse talk about this subject or related to this subject such as Roman 1:24-32. Unfortunately, some broad Christian do non take Bible as God s words or the narrative that teach the manner to populate but these Christian return Bible as a record by human. This belief is the ground why some Christian accept Homosexual eventhough it is stated clearly that Homosexual is incorrect in Bible. Homosexuality is accepted by some Christian denomination and the acception of homosexual twosome can be catogeries into allows as members, ordains, blesses brotherhood and marries. These are Homosexual acception of some denomiation: Denomiation Allows as members Ordains Blesses Union Marries Methodist Yes No No No Roman Catholic Church Yes ( but may perchance be denied sacraments since it varies ) No ( celibate homosexual work forces besides non to be ordained, adult females are restricted regardless of orientation ) No No Episcopal Yes Yes Yes Yes ( allows Bishops to make up ones mind ) [ Beginning from: hypertext transfer protocol: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Christian_denominational_positions_on_homosexuality ] Every Christianity denomiation have their ain grounds on why they adapt this type of acception on Homosexual. In conlusion, most of Chritianity denomiation does non accept homosexually to the full and Christian is bounded to his or her denomiation to mention on homosexual. However, in Bible, it is stated in many poetries that can be interpreted that homophile is incorrect and prohibited. Buddhism position about homosexual Buddha did non go forth any instruction neither about homosexual orientation nor homosexual behavior. He promote his follower to prove the truthness of spiritual learning before accepting them ; be a lamp onto yourself . Buddhism Teachs to make thing that utile and helpful, based on good purpose and and freedom from injury. There are some statements made from basic Buddhist priciples, which is Buddha s Eightfold Path. The second of the eight stairss is called as Samma sankappa: right thought or right resoluteness. When this measure is related to sexual behavior, it is explained as that it is non allowed to prosecute with enjoyable activities such as onanism and besides injury another individual. Other than that, 4th measure of the eight measure, Samma Kammanta ; right behavior or right behavior besides been related with sexual behavior. This measure is explained as that safe sex should be practise to avoid go throughing STDs which may do decease, engage with lone sex that has common consent, and avoid improper sex. From here, harmonizing to basic Buddhist rule, we can state that homosexual can be practise except if there is no common consent or it is improper and besides safe sex is non practise. Theravada Buddhism is one of the largest division of Buddhism. Theravada Buddhists say that if a relationship gives out felicity and wellbeing to both parties, so it is positive and can be accepted. Kerry Trembathe commented that Buddhist leaders grouped coercive sex, sexual harashment, child molestation and criminal conversation as sexuall misconduct but heterosexual and homosexual sex are accepted. Kerry Thembathe concludes: Unfortunately, it can non be said that homophiles in states where Buddhists are in the bulk are any more free from bias and favoritism than they are in other states. Everywhere it has taken root, Buddhism has absorbed facets of the dominant civilization, and this has sometimes been to its hurt. Neither is it true to state that people who espouse Buddhism are themselves any more free from prejudiced positions than those of other persuasions. However it is clear that there is nil in the Buddha s instructions to warrant disapprobation of homosexualism or homosexual Acts of the Apostless. It seems to me that many homosexuals and tribades, peculiarly in Western states, are drawn to Buddhism because of its tolerance and its reluctance to pull stiff moral lines, although of class I have no difficult grounds for this. The same rules would be used to measure all relationships and sexual behavior, whether heterosexual or homosexual. [ Beginning from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.relig ioustolerance.org/hom_budd.htm ] Hinduisme position about homosexual Homosexuality is a controversial issue within Hindus ecspecialy among Hindus in states where homosexually is accepted by and large. The celebrated Kama Sutra explained that homosexual sex is to be engaged in for its ain interest as humanistic disciplines. There are arguement is done on this subject against the Hinduism s instructions on sex, love and matrimony. In Hinduism, love is an external force which is of import to achieve Moksha. Erotic desire or Kama in Hinduism is one of the most legimate pleasances on Earth, nevertheless prenuptial sex and adulterous sex is prohibited. This is summarise of the arguemnt. Some people does non hold to accept homosexual and these are their points: Romantic love of course between work forces and adult females and it is impossible for homosexual people to see this love. Then, homosexual is a signifier of lecherousness ; since lecherousness is non right, therefore homosexual activities are non right. One of the three maps of matrimony is Prajaa, the offspring for prolongation of one s household. A homosexual twosome can non reproduce, and therefore can non be married. Since homosexual twosomes can non get married, they can non prosecute with sexual intercourse as premaritel and adulterous sex is incorrect. At the counter portion, they have their ain points and these are the points: There is no prove that show love is between work forces and adult females in Hindu. Therefore, it is non true. Hence, homosexual twosome can see love and non crave at all clip. The three maps of matrimony is from Dharma Shastras, books that non adhering to Hindus. Prajaa may be interpreted in a figure of ways that do non affect reproduction at all even if the three map is related to marriage. Thus homophiles should be allowed to get married. A loving relationship is encouraged to hold sexual look since it is non expreesion of lecherousness but love. Therefore, homosexual is loving relationship should let to show their love sexually. Sikhism position about Homosexuality The Guru Granth Sahib, The highest authorization in Sikhism, kept silent on homosexual subject, nevertheless there are parts of Guru Granth Sahib that have been interpreted that homosexual is incorrect. The five stealers that should avoided by Sikhs ; Pride ( aHankar ) , Anger ( Krodh ) , Greed ( LobH ) , Lust ( Khaaam ) and Attachment ( MoH ) are statedin the Guru Granth Sahib. Many Sikhs believe that homosexual is a merchandise of lecherousness, therefore homosexual is out. In mention to Sikhism s rejection on Indian caste system, Sikhs that born or raised in states that tolerant to homosexual describe homophile is the new Untouchables . These Sikhs besides believe that Guru Nanak s emphasisation on cosmopolitan quality and brotherhood supports homosexual rights. Any alternate manner of life is prohibited in household life ; one of Sikhism s most implicit in values. Most of Sikhs assume that this means homosexual is prohibited. Most of Sikh will seek to get the better of homosexual feeling by believing it is lust and marry opposite sex individual. This makes a belief that no homosexual Sikh. But those Sikh who support homosexual, say that household populating value is non merely for heterosexual twosome but besides applicable for homosexual twosome. In decision, most Sikh do non rehearse homosexual, nevertheless there is some Sikh who support the arguement about homosexual is non incorrect and pratise it. Decision Religion Acception of Homosexual Muslimism Not Accepted but a minority people accept homosexual and they have their ain arguement. Christian In Bible, homosexual is prohibited. Depend on Christianity denomiation whether homosexual is accepted or non and besides the grade of acception. Hindism A controversual issue ; some accept and some non and they have their ain arguement on their acception. Buddhism Alike as Hinduism ; some accept but some non. Sikhism Most of Sikh do non accept but a minority people accept it.

The Yellow Turban Rebellion in China

The Yellow Turban Rebellion in China The people of Han China reeled under a crushing tax load, famine, and floods, while at court, a group of corrupt eunuchs wielded power over the decadent and hapless Emperor Ling.  Chinas government demanded ever more taxes from the peasantry to fund fortifications along the Silk Road, and also to build sections of the Great Wall of China in order to fend off nomads from the Central Asian steppes. As natural and barbarian disasters plagued the land, the followers of a Taoist sect led by Zhang Jue decided that the Han Dynasty had lost the Mandate of Heaven.  The only cure for Chinas ills was a rebellion and the establishment of a new imperial dynasty.  The rebels wore yellow scarves wrapped around their heads - and the Yellow Turban Rebellion was born. The Origins of the Yellow Turban Rebellion Zhang Jue was a healer and some said a magician.  He spread his messianic religious ideas through his patients; many of them were poor farmers who received free treatments from the charismatic doctor. Zhang used magical amulets, chanting, and other practices derived from Taoism in his cures. He preached that in the year 184 CE, a new historical era would begin known as the Great Peace. By the time the rebellion broke out in 184, Zhang Jues sect had 360,000 armed followers, mostly from the peasantry but also including some local officials and scholars.   Before Zhang could set his plan into motion, however, one of his disciples went to the Han capital at Luoyang and revealed the plot to overthrow the government. Everyone in the city identified as a Yellow Turban sympathizer was executed, more than 1,000 of Zhangs followers, and court officials marched out to arrest Zhang Jue and his two brothers. Hearing the news, Zhang ordered his followers to start the uprising immediately. An Eventful Uprising Yellow Turban factions in eight different provinces rose up and attacked government offices and garrisons. Government officials ran for their lives; the rebels destroyed towns and seized armories.  The imperial army was too small and incompetent to deal with the wide-spread threat posed by the Yellow Turban Rebellion, so local warlords in the provinces built their own armies to put down the rebels.  At some point during the ninth month of the year 184, Zhang Jue died while leading the defenders of the besieged city of Guangzhong.  He likely died of disease; his two younger brothers died in battle with the imperial army later that year. Despite the early deaths of their top leaders, smaller groups of the Yellow Turbans continued to fight for another twenty years, whether motivated by religious fervor or simple banditry. The most important consequence of this on-going popular rebellion was that it exposed the weakness of the central government and led to the growth of warlordism in different provinces around China.  The rise of warlords would contribute to the coming civil war, the dissolution of the Han Empire, and the beginning of the Three Kingdoms period.   In fact, General Cao Cao, who went on to found the Wei Dynasty, and Sun Jian, whose military success paved the way for his son to found the Wu Dynasty, both gained their first military experience fighting against the Yellow Turbans. In a sense, then the Yellow Turban Rebellion spawned two of the three kingdoms.  The Yellow Turbans also allied themselves with another group of major players in the downfall of the Han Dynasty - the Xiongnu. Finally, the Yellow Turban rebels have served as role models for Chinese anti-government movements through the ages, including the Boxer Rebels of 1899-1900 and the modern-day Falun Gong movement.